In manufacturing goods is often based on the value and importance of the ABC classification of the items used to manage. When a business use to a lot of items, the item classification is an effective management approach, for example, inventory checks can focus on objects and ignore A Class C Class items; in the analysis of safety stock setting of a reasonable, A first assessment should be re-assessed categories of articles last C class items.
1. ABC classification of the general approach
The most basic classification is based on the current inventory to calculate the amount and classification of inventory table, for example, if the business principles set ABC Category: 75,15,10, that is, 75% of the value of the inventory items belongs to A class, 15% of the value of the items belong to B, 10% of the value of the items belong to C class. Based on these basic information, you can follow these steps to carry out calculation and classification:
銆??[1]灏嗘墍鏈夌殑鐗╁搧鎸夊叾閲戦浠庡ぇ鍒板皬鎺掑簭;[2]璁＄畻姣忎竴涓墿鍝佺殑浠峰?鍗犲叏閮ㄤ环鍊肩殑姣斾緥锛屽苟璁＄畻鍑虹疮璁′环鍊兼瘮渚?[3]鏍规嵁宸茬粡纭畾鐨凙BC鍒嗙被鍘熷垯锛屽姣旀瘡涓?鐗╁搧鐨勭疮璁′环鍊兼瘮渚嬬‘瀹氬叾鎵?睘鍒嗙被銆?br />
銆??涓嶅悓鐨勪紒涓氬彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鏂规硶锛屾寜鐓т笉鍚屾柟娉曡绠楀嚭鏉ョ殑缁撴灉涔熶笉涓?牱銆備笂杩拌绠楄繃绋嬪彧鏄繘琛孉BC鍒嗙被鐨勬柟娉曚箣涓?紝杩欑鏂规硶鏄渶绠?崟鐨勪竴涓垎绫绘柟娉曪紝鍥犱负搴撳瓨淇℃伅鐩稿鏉ヨ鏄瘮杈冨鏄撹幏寰楃殑涔熸槸姣旇緝鍑嗙‘鐨勩?浣嗘槸锛屽亣濡傝涓?釜浼佷笟鐨勭墿鍝佹秷鑰楅潪甯镐笉鍧囧寑锛岀粡甯镐細鐢ㄥ埌寰堝鏂扮殑鐗╁搧锛岃?涓?簺鑰佺殑鐗╁搧鍥犱负涓嶅啀闇?浜嗕細鎴愪负搴撳瓨鍛嗘粸鍝侊紝鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆儏鍐典笅锛岀敤搴撳瓨缁撳瓨棰濇潵浣滀负ABC鍒嗙被璁＄畻鐨勪緷鎹氨鏄惧緱涓嶅お鍚堥?锛岄偅涔堟垜浠彲浠ラ噰鍙︿竴绉嶆柟寮忋?涓嬮潰鎴戜滑瀵瑰嚑涓笉鍚岀殑鏂规硶杩涜鍒嗘瀽锛?br />
銆??浠ュ墠闈竴娈垫椂闂村唴鐨勬秷鑰楅噾棰濅綔涓鸿绠椾緷鎹?br />
銆??杩欑鏂规硶涓嶆槸浠ュ簱瀛樼墿鍝佺殑缁撲綑浠峰?浣滀负璁＄畻渚濇嵁锛岃?鏄互鍓嶄竴娈垫椂闂村疄闄呮秷鑰楃殑鐗╁搧浠峰?浣滀负璁＄畻渚濇嵁銆傚亣璁捐繖閲屾墍璇寸殑鈥滃墠闈竴娈垫椂闂粹?鏄寚鈥滀笂涓?釜鏈堚?锛岄偅涔堣绠楄繃绋嬪涓嬶細
銆??[1]灏嗘墍鏈夌墿鍝佹寜褰撴湀鍙戝嚭閲戦(褰撴湀鍙戝嚭閲廥褰撴湀缁撳瓨浠锋牸)浠庡ぇ鍒板皬鎺掑簭;[2]浠庡ご寮?璁＄畻姣忎竴涓墿鍝佺殑浠峰?鍗犲叏閮ㄤ环鍊肩殑姣斾緥锛屽苟璁＄畻鍑虹疮璁′环鍊兼瘮渚?[3]鏍规嵁宸茬粡纭畾鐨凙BC鍒嗙被鍘熷垯锛屽姣旀瘡涓?鐗╁搧鐨勭疮璁′环鍊兼瘮渚嬬‘瀹氬叾鎵?睘鍒嗙被;
銆??涓婅堪浜岀璁＄畻鏂规硶鎵?骇鐢熺殑缁撴灉宸紓寰堝ぇ锛屼緥濡傛煇鐗╁搧鑻ヤ互搴撳瓨缁撳瓨閲戦鏉ヨ绠楋紝灞炰簬C绫荤墿鍝侊紝鑰屾寜鐓у墠涓?鏃堕棿鐨勫疄闄呮秷鑰楅噾棰濇潵璁＄畻锛屽嵈鍙樻垚浜咥绫荤墿鍝併?
銆??浠ヤ粖鍚庝竴娈垫椂闂村唴鐨勯渶瑕佹秷鑰楅噾棰濅綔涓鸿绠椾緷鎹?br />
銆??杩欑鏂规硶涓嶆槸鐪嬬幇鍦ㄥ簱瀛樻儏鍐垫?鏍凤紝涔熶笉鏄湅杩囧幓娑堣?鐨勬儏鍐垫?鏍凤紝鑰屾槸鍏虫敞浠婂悗鐨勯渶姹傚浣曘?璁＄畻鏂规硶锛氫互鐗╁搧浠婂悗涓?鏃堕棿闇?娑堣?鐨勯噾棰?褰撴湀缁撲綑浠锋牸X浠婂悗涓?鏃堕棿鍐呴渶瑕佹秷鑰楃殑鏁伴噺)涓鸿绠椾緷鎹紝鐒跺悗鏍规嵁鍚勯」鐗╁搧鎵?崰閲戦姣斾緥鏉ョ‘瀹氬叾ABC鍒嗙被銆?br />
銆??2. 浼佷笟鍦ㄥ仛ABC鍒嗙被鏃惰娉ㄦ剰浠?箞
銆??浠ヤ笂鍒楀嚭浜嗗嚑涓绠桝BC鍒嗙被鐨勬柟娉曪紝涓嶅悓鏂规硶浼氬鑷翠笉鍚岀殑缁撴灉锛岃繖鏄甯哥殑涔熸槸姝ｇ‘鐨勩?鍒堕?浼佷笟鐨勬儏鍐靛悇涓嶇浉鍚岋紝绠＄悊鐨勯渶姹備篃涓嶅敖鐩稿悓銆傛湁浜涗紒涓氬叧娉ㄦ寜鐓ц繃鍘荤殑娑堣?淇℃伅鏉ュ偍澶囩墿鏂欙紝涔熸湁浜涗紒涓氭洿鍏虫敞瀹㈡埛瀹氬崟瀵圭墿鏂欑殑鐩存帴闇?眰鎷夊姩锛屽湪涓嶅悓鐨勬儏鍐碉紝浼佷笟鍙互纭畾鏈?悎閫傝嚜宸辩殑ABC璁＄畻鏂规硶銆傚悓鏃讹紝浼佷笟鍦ㄥ仛ABC鍒嗙被鏃惰娉ㄦ剰浠ヤ笅鍑犵偣锛?br />
銆??鍚堢悊纭畾ABC鍒嗙被鐨勫悇鑷瘮渚?br />
銆??鏈変簺浼佷笟鎶夾BC鐨勬瘮渚嬪畾涓猴細80銆?5銆?锛屼篃鏈変紒涓氬畾涓猴細70銆?0銆?0銆傛垜浠姣斾緥鍙槸涓?釜鈥滄爣灏衡?锛屾槸瑕佹牴鎹渶姹傚拰鐩爣鑰屽畾鐨勩?鐢氳嚦涔熸湁浼佷笟涓嶅崟鍗曟槸鍒掑垎浜咥BC涓夌被锛岃?浣跨敤浜咥BCD鍥涚被锛岃繖浜涢兘鏄彲浠ョ殑銆傛墍璋揂BC鍒嗙被锛屽彧鏄彁渚涗簡涓?鏂规硶锛屽苟涓嶅眬闄愪簬鍙湁ABC涓夌被銆?br />
銆??纭畾ABC鍒嗙被鏃剁殑鍏抽敭渚濇嵁鏄粈涔?br />
銆??璁＄畻渚濇嵁鏄彲浠ユ牴鎹紒涓氬疄闄呮儏鍐佃?璁捐鐨勶紝涓嶆槸鍗曚竴鐨勶紝涔熶笉鏄竴鎴愪笉鍙樼殑銆傚鏋滀竴涓紒涓氭棦瑕佹妸褰撳墠搴撳瓨閲戦鑰冭檻杩涘幓锛屼篃瑕佹妸浠婂悗鐨勯渶姹傛儏鍐佃?铏戣繘鍘伙紝閭ｄ箞杩樺彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄢ?鍔犳潈璁＄畻鈥濈殑鏂规硶锛屾渶缁堢洰鐨勬槸浣緼BC鍒嗙被鐨勭粨鏋滅湡姝ｈ〃杈句簡浼佷笟鐨勫疄闄呯姸鍐碉紝婊¤冻浼佷笟绠＄悊鐨勯渶姹傘?
銆??杩樿纭畾ABC鍒嗙被鐨勬湁鏁堟湡闄?br />
銆??浼佷笟鍦ㄦ瘡澶╃殑杩愯杩囩▼涓紝浼氫笉鏂湴浜х敓鍚勭淇℃伅骞惰冻浠ュ奖鍝嶅埌ABC鐨勫垎绫荤粨鏋滐紝濡傚簱瀛樻敹鍙戝瓨鐨勬暟鎹竴鐩村湪鍙戠敓鍙樺寲锛岃鍒掗渶姹備俊鎭篃鍦ㄤ笉鏂彂鐢熷彉鍖栵紝鎴戜滑鍙互杩欎箞璇达細鍦ㄤ换浣曟椂鍊欏幓閲嶆柊杩愯ABC鍒嗙被鐨勮绠楄繃绋嬶紝浜х敓鐨勫垎绫荤粨鏋滀竴瀹氬拰涓婁竴娆℃槸涓嶅悓鐨勶紝鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆儏鍐典笅锛屾垜浠氨闇?浣緼BC鍒嗙被淇濇寔閫傚綋鐨勭ǔ瀹氾紝瑕佺‘瀹氶噸鏂拌绠楃殑鍛ㄦ湡銆?br />
銆??3. ABC鍒嗙被鐨勪綔鐢?br />
銆??ABC鍒嗙被鏄妸浼佷笟鐨勭墿鍝佹寜鐓т环鍊煎強閲嶈鎬ц繘琛屼簡褰掔被锛屽湪鐗╁搧绠＄悊涓婃湁鎵?晶閲嶏紝渚嬪锛?br />
銆??濡傛灉瑕侀檷浣庢垚鏈紝灏卞敖鍙兘鍘嬬缉A绫荤墿鍝佺殑鎴愭湰鎴栭噰璐环锛屽苟鎯冲姙娉曞噺灏慉绫荤墿鍝佺殑鎹熻?鐜?br />
銆??A绫荤墿鍝佷篃璁稿崟浠朵环鍊煎緢澶э紝涔熻鏄崟浠朵环鍊间笉澶т絾娑堣?閲忓緢澶э紝鍥犳锛岄檷浣庡畠鐨勬垚鏈垨閲囪喘浠峰浜庢?鐨勬垚鏈笅闄嶆槸鏈夊緢鏄庢樉鏁堟灉鐨勩?
銆??濡傛灉瑕佸帇缂╁簱瀛樿祫閲戯紝灏卞敖鍙兘鍘嬬缉A绫荤墿鍝佺殑鎴愭湰鎴栭噰璐环锛屽苟鎯冲姙娉曞噺灏慉绫荤墿鍝佺殑搴撳瓨鏁伴噺
銆??A绫荤墿鍝佷笉鏄崟浠烽珮灏辨槸鏁伴噺锛屾墍浠ユ?閲戦鎵嶄細楂橈紝鍥犳瑕佸帇缂╁簱瀛樿祫閲戠殑杈冨ソ鍔炴硶灏辨槸鍘诲帇缂〢绫荤墿鍝佺殑鎴愭湰銆侀噰璐环鍙婂簱瀛橀噺锛岃繖鏄鏄撹鏁堢殑涓?釜閫斿緞銆?br />
銆??濡傛灉瑕佷娇搴撳瓨璁拌浇鍑嗙‘锛岄偅涔堝氨鍙互閲囩敤寰幆鐩樼偣鐨勭瓥鐣ュ苟浣緼绫荤墿鍝佸緱鍒伴珮棰戠巼鐨勭洏鐐?br />
銆??浼佷笟浼犵粺鐨勭洏鐐规柟娉曟湁涓嬮潰鍑犱釜缂洪櫡锛歔1]鐩樼偣鏃讹紝鏀跺彂鎿嶄綔瑕佸仠涓嬫潵(鍏抽棬鐩樼偣);[2]閲嶈鐗╁搧鍜屼笉閲嶈鐗╁搧鐨勭洏鐐归鐜囨槸涓?牱鐨勩?鑰岀幇鍦ㄦ湁涓嶅皯浼佷笟閲囩敤浜嗗惊鐜洏鐐圭殑绛栫暐锛岀墿鍝丄BC鍒嗙被涔嬪悗鍙互涓鸿缃惊鐜洏鐐归鐜囨彁渚涗緷鎹?
銆??濡傛灉瑕佽?铏戜緵搴斿畨鍏ㄣ?鑰冭檻浜ц兘绋冲畾鏃讹紝涔熻灏藉彲鑳藉厛鍏虫敞A绫荤墿鍝?br />
銆??鍦ㄤ緵搴斿畨鍏ㄦ?鏂归潰锛屽涓?簺鐗╁搧鐨勪緵搴斿彲閲囧彇涓?簺棰勯槻鎬х殑鎺柦銆傛墍浠ヤ紒涓氫竴鑸鑰冭檻A绫荤墿鍝侊紝灏藉彲鑳紸绫荤墿鍝佸幓鍒跺畾涓?簺纭繚渚涘簲瀹夊叏鐨勯闃叉?鎺柦銆?br />
銆??ABC鍒嗙被鏄竴涓瓥鐣ワ紝鍏跺叧閿偣灏辨槸鐢ˋBC鏉ヨ〃绀轰笉鍚岀墿鍝佺殑涓嶅悓閲嶈鎬э紝浠ヤ究浼佷笟鏇存湁閽堝鎬у湴杩涜绠＄悊銆?br />
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